All articles

Every article we have published, newest first. Browse the full journal archive.

Hourglass on a wooden desk: NPi captures what fraction of a day's urine arrived overnight, the same fraction shown
Bladder diary

Nocturnal Polyuria Index (NPi): Calculation and Workup

Calculating the nocturnal polyuria index from a bladder diary: age-stratified thresholds, the 4Is gateway, and the PT-led workup before any drug.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 15 min read
A page of handwritten numbers: the disciplined three-day record a frequency volume chart asks the patient to keep
Bladder diary

Frequency Volume Chart: The ICS-Formal Bladder Diary

A frequency volume chart is the ICS-formal name for the volumetric core of a bladder diary. The chart that produces 24hVV, MVV, AVV, and NPi at the desk.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 16 min read
Clear graduated measuring glass: turning volume into a calibrated number, the same job a 3-day bladder diary performs
Bladder diary

Normal Capacity of the Bladder: Functional vs Anatomical

The 300-500 mL textbook range is anatomical capacity. The number that drives clinical decisions is functional capacity, read off a 3-day bladder diary.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 15 min read
A library card catalog: the validated continence assessment tool a clinician keeps as a reference
Bladder diary

The Continence Assessment Tool a Clinician Actually Needs

The continence assessment tool a clinician actually needs: five validated instruments, the 3-day bladder diary, and the 4Is functional diagnosis framework.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 21 min read
Pen resting on a printed page beside a laptop: the bladder diary PDF and the digital workflow it lives alongside
Bladder diary

Bladder Diary PDF: A Practical Guide for Clinicians

Free 3-day bladder diary PDF download, plus the clinician's read on format choice, compliance evidence, and what digital tools show paper cannot.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 16 min read
Pen, notebook, and smartphone: the bladder diary app evaluation kit a clinician keeps within reach
Bladder diary

Bladder Diary App: A Clinician's Eight-Point Checklist

A clinician's eight-point checklist for evaluating a bladder diary app: ICS-grounded requirements and what gets quietly broken when an app misses one.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 17 min read
An open spiral notebook: the recording artifact at the heart of bladder diary interpretation
Bladder diary

Bladder Diary Interpretation: The IPC 4Is Workflow

A 5-step bladder diary interpretation procedure for clinicians: completeness check, four core metrics, IPC 4Is mapping, symptom cross-check, decide.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 20 min read
A glass half full of water: a bladder diary records what goes in and what comes out
Bladder diary

What is a bladder diary?

A bladder diary turns three days of voids, fluids, and leaks into the four numbers that drive a real LUTS diagnosis. The cheapest test in pelvic care.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 13 min read