Learn

Evidence-based writing on bladder diaries, lower urinary tract symptoms, and pelvic health. Written for clinicians who want the evidence behind the numbers.

A steady stream shows the flow but not the force behind it, the core ambiguity in uroflowmetry interpretation

Featured

Uroflowmetry Interpretation in Context

Uroflowmetry interpretation for clinicians: read flow curve, Qmax, and voided volume against the bladder diary and PVR, because a low Qmax is ambiguous.

Bladder diary4Is frameworkConditions
Dr. Di Wu, MD, PTJun 6, 2026 · 17 min read

More articles

Magnifying glass on documents: the close-reading discipline ICD-10 bladder outlet obstruction coding demands
Bladder diary

Bladder Outlet Obstruction ICD-10: N40.1 vs N32.0 vs N13.9

Bladder outlet obstruction ICD-10 coding: N40.1 for BPH, N32.0 for bladder-neck, N13.9 for unspecified, plus female BOO and post-prostatectomy stacks.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 27 min read
Decaying oscillations on graph paper: the cystometrogram pattern that names phasic detrusor overactivity
Bladder diary

Detrusor Overactivity: Diary First, Then Urodynamics

Detrusor overactivity is a UDS finding, not OAB. The bladder diary triages most cases before urodynamics; subtype changes which prescription works.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 28 min read
Clinician downloading a structured bladder diary export for ingestion into the patient EMR
Bladder diary

Exporting a Bladder Diary to Epic, Cerner, and Other EMRs

How to send Bladder Diaries results into the patient chart with FHIR R4 Bundle or HL7 C-CDA R2.1, without any patient data leaving the device until you press download.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 14 min read
A handwritten inventory ledger: the same audit-defensible classification work that ICD-10 codes for urinary urgency perform
Bladder diary

ICD-10 Codes for Urinary Urgency: LUTS by 4Is Bucket

ICD-10 codes for urinary urgency: R39.15 for the symptom, N32.81 for OAB syndrome, N39.41 with leakage. The LUTS code menu organized by IPC 4Is buckets.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 24 min read
Pocket watch gears: the bladder's contractile mechanism is the difference between BPH and underactive bladder
Bladder diary

Underactive Bladder: A Diary-First Workup Before Urodynamics

Underactive bladder hides under BPH. The diary plus PVR is what tells you which bucket the patient sits in before urodynamics confirms it. Workup guide.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 20 min read
What remains in the glass after pouring is what post-void residual measures in the bladder after voiding
Bladder diary

Post-Void Residual: The Voiding-Impairment Gate-Check

Post-void residual is the singular gate-check on the Voiding axis: cutoffs, measurement pitfalls, the kegel caution, and the practical urology algorithm.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 24 min read
A vintage scale reads a number from a calibrated face: the same job the ICIQ-OAB does for OAB symptom severity
Bladder diary

ICIQ-OAB: Item-by-Item Interpretation for the 4Is Workup

The ICIQ-OAB scores OAB symptom severity 0 to 16. The four items map to four IPC 4Is workup paths. How to read it, score it, and pair it with the diary.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 18 min read
A compass orients unfamiliar terrain the way the diary orients the differential diagnosis of polyuria
Bladder diary

Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria: Diary-First Workup

Differential diagnosis of polyuria, anchored to the IPC 4Is framework: how a 3-day bladder diary triages four patterns before the endocrine workup runs.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 18 min read
Hourglass on a wooden desk: NPi captures what fraction of a day's urine arrived overnight, the same fraction shown
Bladder diary

Nocturnal Polyuria Index (NPi): Calculation and Workup

Calculating the nocturnal polyuria index from a bladder diary: age-stratified thresholds, the 4Is gateway, and the PT-led workup before any drug.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 15 min read
A page of handwritten numbers: the disciplined three-day record a frequency volume chart asks the patient to keep
Bladder diary

Frequency Volume Chart: The ICS-Formal Bladder Diary

A frequency volume chart is the ICS-formal name for the volumetric core of a bladder diary. The chart that produces 24hVV, MVV, AVV, and NPi at the desk.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 16 min read
Clear graduated measuring glass: turning volume into a calibrated number, the same job a 3-day bladder diary performs
Bladder diary

Normal Capacity of the Bladder: Functional vs Anatomical

The 300-500 mL textbook range is anatomical capacity. The number that drives clinical decisions is functional capacity, read off a 3-day bladder diary.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 15 min read
A library card catalog: the validated continence assessment tool a clinician keeps as a reference
Bladder diary

The Continence Assessment Tool a Clinician Actually Needs

The continence assessment tool a clinician actually needs: five validated instruments, the 3-day bladder diary, and the 4Is functional diagnosis framework.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 21 min read
Pen resting on a printed page beside a laptop: the bladder diary PDF and the digital workflow it lives alongside
Bladder diary

Bladder Diary PDF: A Practical Guide for Clinicians

Free 3-day bladder diary PDF download, plus the clinician's read on format choice, compliance evidence, and what digital tools show paper cannot.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 16 min read
Pen, notebook, and smartphone: the bladder diary app evaluation kit a clinician keeps within reach
Bladder diary

Bladder Diary App: A Clinician's Eight-Point Checklist

A clinician's eight-point checklist for evaluating a bladder diary app: ICS-grounded requirements and what gets quietly broken when an app misses one.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 17 min read
An open spiral notebook: the recording artifact at the heart of bladder diary interpretation
Bladder diary

Bladder Diary Interpretation: The IPC 4Is Workflow

A 5-step bladder diary interpretation procedure for clinicians: completeness check, four core metrics, IPC 4Is mapping, symptom cross-check, decide.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 20 min read
A glass half full of water: a bladder diary records what goes in and what comes out
Bladder diary

What is a bladder diary?

A bladder diary turns three days of voids, fluids, and leaks into the four numbers that drive a real LUTS diagnosis. The cheapest test in pelvic care.

Dr. Di Wu, MD, PT · 13 min read